What typically causes punctate stains on the corneal epithelium?

Punctate stains on the corneal epithelium are commonly caused by the use of defective contact lens solutions. These stains usually result from toxicity or irritation that can be attributed to preservatives or other harmful components in the solution. When contact lenses are not properly cleaned or when a solution is substandard, it can lead to irritation, resulting in small, superficial abrasions on the corneal surface, which appear as punctate staining during examination.

While incorrect lens material, over-wear of lenses, and not cleaning lenses properly can also lead to various issues with the cornea and overall ocular surface health, the direct cause of punctate staining is most closely aligned with the use of ineffective or harmful lens solutions that fail to maintain the health of the corneal epithelium. This makes understanding and selecting appropriate contact lens solutions critical for preventing corneal damage and maintaining overall eye health.